Knowledge of CBD, CBG and CBN vaping

Knowledge of CBD, CBG and CBN vaping

If you already have some experience with CBD, then you probably have an idea of what to expect. And yet, vaping CBD is different than swallowing a capsule. In fact, when vaporized, the cannabinoids enter the bloodstream through the lungs much faster. In this article, we'll explain what vaping is, introduce you to CBD and its effects, and you'll also learn what vape foams are and what vaping CBD oil means. Are you interested in other cannabinoids like CBG and CBN? You will also find their comparison and the potential benefits of vaping CBD, CBG and CBN.

What is vaping?

Vaping is an activity that refers to the process of vaporization. The user (vaper) uses an electrical device (vaporizer, vape pen) to inhale the resulting vapour. This is produced by heating the material, and no combustion takes place, the material is only vaporised. 

A vaporizer (vapes) is actually a vaporizer, which is fitting because that's exactly what these devices do. Several types of vapes can be found on the market, such as desktop, portable and vaporizer pens (vape pens). 

Depending on the type of vaporizer, different materials can be inhaled such as:

  • Liquids
  • Cannabis flowers
  • Herbs
  • Oils and concentrates

What is CBD?

CBD (cannabidiol) is a chemical found in the Cannabis sativa plant. It is the second most abundant cannabinoid from the cannabis plant after THC.

Although CBD and THC are both phytocannabinoids (naturally occurring in the plant), they each have slightly different effects on the human body. THC acts primarily on the cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1), which is found mainly in the central nervous system. CBD, on the other hand, has minimal activity on the CB1 receptor in the brain and therefore has no psychoactive effects.

We know that cannabis constituents affect the endocannabinoid system (ECS). The ECS serves as a universal regulator of the human body and plays an important role in various physiological functions. This network of receptors, signalling molecules and enzymes helps regulate everything – from nervous system function to skin health, sleep and stress.  

Cannabidiol does not bind directly to high-affinity ECS receptors, but it does affect the body's endocannabinoids by interfering with ECS enzymes. Most of the benefits associated with CBD are attributed to its ability to interact with this system. In fact  cannabidiol interacts with the ECS by inhibiting the enzyme FAAH, which is responsible for breaking down an endocannabinoid called anandamide, which is one of the most important endocannabinoids in the body. This mechanism increases the level of this substance in the brain. Anandamide can be considered a mood-enhancing substance and can also contribute to a number of other functions such as appetite, pain perception and memory.

 

Table: Effects of CBD

Although research on cannabidiol is still in its early stages, some suggest promising therapeutic benefits. However, much more research and studies are needed to confirm these benefits.

Potential benefits  

Research

A 2018 study examined the effect of cannabinoids on corneal damage in mice. The results of the study suggest that cannabinoids could be a new clinical therapy for corneal pain and inflammation due to damage to the surface of the eye..

In 2015, a study conducted on rats came out suggesting that topical application of CBD has therapeutic potential for alleviating pain-related behaviors in arthritis and inflammation without obvious side effects.
  • Contributes to stress, anxiety and depression

A 2020 review of studies focused on the anxiolytic, antidepressant and antipsychotic effects of CBD found in animal and human studies. In rodents, results suggest that the effects of CBD depend on dose, strain, time of administration (acute vs. chronic), and route of administration. Preliminary clinical studies also confirm the efficacy of CBD as an anxiolytic, antipsychotic and antidepressant and more importantly, a positive benefit-risk profile. These promising results support the design of large-scale studies to further evaluate CBD as a potential new drug for the treatment of certain psychiatric disorders.

In a 2021 research, they investigated the hydrating effect of CBD on the skin (hairless female mice) and its mechanism. CBD was found to have a moisturizing effect on the skin. It is reported that CBD is expected to be developed as a cosmetic material with a unique mechanism in the future.
  • Can help with muscle recovery between workouts

In 2021, a study came out that looked at the high prevalence of CBD use among professional rugby players. Respondents reported that the main reason for using CBD was to improve recovery/pain (80%) and sleep (78%), with 68% of players reporting perceived benefits. 
  • It contributes to better sleep quality and can help with insomnia

In 2019, a large-scale case study came out to see if CBD helps improve sleep or anxiety in a clinical population. The final sample consisted of 72 adults who presented with primary concerns about anxiety (47) or poor sleep (25). Anxiety scores decreased in 57 patients (79.2%) within the first month and remained reduced throughout the study. Sleep scores improved in 48 patients (66.7%) during the first month but fluctuated over time.

A review of studies published in 2022 suggests that these studies shed light on the development of CBD, including its derivatives and combination products, as new therapeutic options for the prevention or treatment of neurological disorders in which neuroinflammation plays an important role in the pathological components.
  • It may contribute to diabetic complications and may be of benefit in cardiovascular disorders

In 2010, a study was published that examined the effects of CBD on myocardial dysfunction, inflammation, oxidative/nitrative stress, cell death and interrelated signaling pathways using a mouse model of type I diabetic cardiomyopathy and primary human cardiomyocytes exposed to high glucose levels. Collectively, these results, together with the excellent safety and tolerability profile of CBD in humans, suggest that CBD could have great therapeutic potential in the treatment of diabetic complications and possibly other cardiovascular disorders by attenuating oxidative/nitrative stress, inflammation, cell death and fibrosis.

CBD vapes: What are vape pens?

When vaping, cannabinoids travel directly into the bloodstream through the lungs faster than when taking, for example, CBD capsules, as they do not have to pass through the digestive tract. The effects are usually felt within 5 minutes. 

CBD disposable vape pens (vape pens) are the easiest and cheapest entry into the world of CBD vaping. They look like small, lightweight cigarette-style pens powered by a built-in coil and battery with a pre-filled cartridge (cartridge) containing CBD liquid. Disposable CBD pens typically last for a few hundred puffs before running out of refills and then having to be thrown away.  

CBD liquids are liquids designed for CBD vapes and vape pens. Cartridges can be gotten empty or come pre-filled with oil or distillate. These cartridges require a vape pen or a 510 threaded battery that is compatible with standard 510 cartridges. They usually hold approximately 0.5-1 ml of liquid.

Refillable rechargeable vaporizer pens are refilled with liquid or you can buy compatible cartridges already filled. They normally consist of a simple tube battery connected to a vape tank with an internal coil. Vape pens generally produce more vapor than "disposables" and will cost you more in the long run. 

Some liquids contain vegetable glycerin (VG) or propylene glycol (PG). Each of these substances has a different effect on the vapor experience. The ratio of mixing them is the deciding factor, but that depends entirely on taste preference and vaping style. Wondering how CBD liquids are made? There are several ways to extract CBD from hemp:

  • Oil extraction
  • CO2 extraction
  • Ethanol extraction
  • Hydrocarbon extraction

The CBD extract must then be isolated and converted into pure CBD. Depending on the extraction process, the CBD extract must be purified, otherwise unwanted and toxic substances may remain in the liquid. The pure CBD can then be used as an additive in liquids, i.e. for CBD vaporization.

What does vaping CBD oil mean?

When people say „vaping CBD oil“, they mean pre-filled cartridges or oils (liquids) that are meant to be inhaled. Most CBD liquids are made with ingredients like regular vape liquids, but „real“ CBD oil cannot be vaped because it is only meant to be consumed.

More cannabinoids on the scene: what are CBN and CBG?

Cannabinol (CBN) and cannabigerol (CBG) are two lesser-known cannabinoids of the cannabis plant. They are often compared to CBD because they have a similar chemical structure and are not psychoactive (although scientists differ on CBN). CBN is formed when THC is broken down by oxygen or heat, whereas CBG is a precursor to cannabinoids such as CBD and THC.

CBG is found in very small amounts in the cannabis plant and has many of the same properties as CBD. It is called the „mother of all cannabinoids“ as cannabigerol is the precursor of CBD, THC and other cannabinoids. In contrast, CBN is the first plant cannabinoid that scientists have been able to isolate.

Table: Comparison of CBG and CBN

Cannabinoid

CBG

CBN

Description

The basic constituent of cannabis that appears when the plant flowers. It is gradually converted into other substances and is found in small quantities in the plant.

One of the 10 main cannabinoids in the plant, it is produced when THC is broken down by oxygen or heat. It was isolated as the first plant cannabinol.

Psychoactive effects

No

Expert opinion varies, with some research suggesting that it has slightly mild psychoactive effects.  

Mode of action in the ECS

Cannabigerol acts mainly on CB1 and CB2 receptors, which are associated with regulation of the nervous system and immune system.  

Cannabinol interacts primarily with CB1 and CB2 receptors.

Potential benefits
  • Helps to increase concentration and energy.  
  • Contributes to improved mood.
  • Helpful for anxiety.
  • May help to relieve pain. 
  • Helps to reduce intraocular pressure.  
  • Contributes to the reduction of inflammation.
  • May help fight bacteria.  
  • Helps to increase appetite.
  • Potential to promote bone growth.
  • Contributes to better sleep quality.

How is it different from CBD?

CBG is contained in a much smaller percentage of the cannabis plant than CBD and is more complex and costly to produce.

CBN is more difficult to extract, occurring at a lower level in the plant. CBD has a wider range of therapeutic uses than CBN.

Products

Oils, vape pens and cartridges

Cannabis herbal blends, vape pens and cartridges

„Entourage effect“ or vaping CBD,CBN,CBG  

CBD, CBG and CBN have their own unique benefits to offer users. In combination, these cannabinoids complement each other and can enhance their effects. In this context, there is talk of an „entourage effect“. This phenomenon is characterised by the fact that the effect of individual cannabinoids such as CBD, CBG and CBN is enhanced when taken together. However, further research is needed to provide definitive evidence for this thesis.

 

Conclusion

Disposable vaping pens or refillable devices are used for vaping CBD oil. CBD offers many therapeutic benefits, although further studies and research are needed. Of all the cannabinoids mentioned, CBD seems to have a much broader spectrum of medicinal uses. However, this is due to the fact that CBD has received more attention than CBN and CBG so far.

Co-vaping CBD, CBN and CBG may enhance the effect of individual cannabinoids, but further research is needed to clarify how the 'entourage effect' works. If you want to delve into the world of cannabis, always make sure you buy products from verified sellers/manufacturers. Quality cannabis products are rigorously tested and guaranteed for product safety, self-certified and subject to legislative standards.  

  

 Author: Patricie Mikolášová

Photo: Shutterstock

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